Parents held responsible for childrens crime Essay

Parents hold a lot of responsibility when raising children. They are there to teach them right from wrong and how to behave in order to raise them into successful men and women that today’s society can relate to; rather than juvenile delinquents that this world discriminates upon. It is the parent’s responsibility to instill values into their young children because as the children grow it becomes their responsibility to make their own decisions since one day they will have to face the real world on their own. So I believe parents should not be held accountable for their children’s actions because blaming parents is not going to help children learn from their mistakes. Advocates who subscribe to full parental accountability stated, â€Å"They believe parents should know about and control their children’s actions and accept their obligation to bear the consequences of their children’s mistakes.† By this comment they’re stating that parents basically deserve every punishment their children commit. However, parents shouldn’t be incarcerated for their children’s wrong doings, the child themselves are responsible for the crimes they committed. They deserve to pay the price for the actions they take. If children did the crime then the most reasonable explanation would be that they pay the price. Blaming parents isn’t going to help the children learn from their mistakes, it’s just going to make it that much easier for them to commit the crime again without getting any punishment sent their way. When it comes to parents some may be the best when it comes to raising their children, however their child decide to go down a different path with the wrong crowd and completely misbehave. That doesn’t mean that the parents should be punished for the child’s mistakes. Parents instill rules upon their children and have high expectations for them. However, many children in today’s society are easily influenced by people in their surroundings. So, by attacking the parents the problem isn’t going to change and the situation isn’t going to get any easier. The vicious dog analogy that states, â€Å"Parents should control a child just as an owner should control a dog† is not a reasonable statement. I fully agree with the author Sylvia Miller. Children are not animals nor should they be treated like animals. They don’t deserve to be controlled like a pet. By controlling a child and keeping them enclosed like a pet, is only going to make matters worse and the child is going to rebel. A parent has to lay down supervision and care for their children, but aren’t responsible for every  action the child makes. If we continue to blame parents for their children’s crimes, then we will see no positive outcomes in the child’s future. Parents can’t control their children only influence them. If a parent continues to try to participate in a child’s life and that child continues to rebel. It is therefore not the parents fault of the crime that child commits. It is up to the children to follow the rules that their parents established for them in order to live a successful life.

“Optimal Versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient Is the 1/N Portfolio Strategy” †a Critique

â€Å"Optimal Versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient Is The 1/N Portfolio Strategy† – A Critique Title: The title of the paper â€Å"Optimal Versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient Is The 1/N Portfolio Strategy† has been reasonably well phrased.However, it can be argued that the title is a little misleading as the principal objective of the paper is to test how efficient different optimal diversification strategies are using the 1/N portfolio strategy as the benchmark and not to try and elucidate the merits of the 1/N strategy, which the authors are certainly neither advocating for practical purposes nor seemingly seeking to foster greater intellectual attention on the simplistic strategy. The title could have simply been â€Å"How Efficient Really Are Today’s ‘Optimal’ Diversification Strategies? But, care has to be taken before coming to the above conclusion that the authors might have appreciably so, intentionally used the tit le they have in order to attract further attention to their paper by stressing the obvious irony and possible iconoclasm in their conclusions. Abstract: The abstract has been very well written. It captures the essence of the study and conveys the crux of it lucidly to the reader. However, it would have augured better to start the abstract by stating the objective of the study in addition to it being mentioned in the text of the article just as the authors have.That way, the abstract would have had greater clarity. Motivation: The inherent motivation behind the study is laudable and the implied motivation derived from the conclusion is obvious. However, the motivation itself has unfortunately not been sufficiently expressed. Apart from a one-sentence objective, nothing else has been explicitly written about why the study was undertaken. There is one other sentence, which could be construed as the motivation. But, the authors themselves have not given the sentence the same attribute. The sentence itself is a reference to a revious study that found that many investors used the 1/N diversification strategy ignoring several other sophisticated theoretical models and is stated to only justify their usage of the 1/N diversification strategy as the benchmark. It could have been elaborated upon with additional related facts and further evidence supported by literature. Also, a separate paragraph with a heading called â€Å"Motivation† would be desirable to the readers. Introduction: The topic covered by the article has been adequately introduced. The brief description of the various asset allocation models and how they are related to each other is commendable.The introduction has also carefully introduced the methodology, the observations and the results and the conclusions in a logical and concise manner such that readers might understand the study by just reading this part. However, the literature on the Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches has only been brief ly mentioned in one paragraph. Considering how significant the contribution of the stated articles to the current study might be, it would have only been fitting to include a section called ‘Literature Review’ elaborating on them substantially more than the authors have.That way, they could have been able to make a clearer connection on how the previous studies relate to the motivation and methodology of their study. However, it should be noted that word limits might have been a constraint. In addition, the introduction must be a definite section that is called ‘Introduction’. Methodology: The authors have adopted a robust methodology to evaluate the performance of the diversification strategies discussed. They have been explained in great detail with sufficient appendices in an easily understandable format.There is not much scope for improvement in the methodology and the authors must be greatly appreciated for it. Data: The data has been obtained from hig hly reliable sources, thereby implying that there is hardly any margin for error in the data. No bias or subjectivity is evident. The data has been properly classified and well presented. Results: With well-defined methodology and credible sources, the results of the study are factually accurate even though it can be argued that conclusions from the same are a function of their interpretation just as in every other study. However, there is a drawback concerning the same.The authors have only limited themselves to comparing the performance of models of optimal asset allocation that consider moments of asset returns and not other characteristics of the assets. The authors could have included a section within the discussion of their results in which they could have compared their results with that of other similar studies, even if they involved the analysis of fewer diversification strategies, and sought to establish a reasoning behind how the possible differences between the results o f the studies might be related to variations in their respective methodologies or data.They could have also sought to describe how their study and the underlying methodology have helped overcome previous voids in relevant literature. It might have even been advisable to express why their study is more accurate and hence superior to the others if they did think so. In case the study was known, to their knowledge to be unprecedented and unrelated to any comparative study of portfolio diversification strategies, it should have been explicitly stated as the reason why the above-said was not done.But, it has to be noted that the authors have indeed done the above-said, but only with respect to two of their important assumptions, i. e. , Brandt et al (2007)’s approach to constructing the optimal portfolio using cross-sectional characteristics of equity returns and the dynamic asset allocation models of Campbell and Viciera (1999; 2001) and Campbell et al (2003). Conclusions: The co nclusions of the study are definitely iconoclastic and have huge repercussions for the research community.It points out how inefficient the numerous theoretical models that have been developed on portfolio diversification are clearly indicates that an enormous amount of research has to be undertaken to address this serious shortcoming. The conclusions have been expressed concisely and the limitations of the study have been stated. Their recommendation on the direction for further research is well thought out and justified by their findings and is hence highly commendable.

Ionic Reactions

The purpose of this lab is to study the nature of ionic reactions through the experiment and be able to write balanced equations along with net ionic equations for precipitation reactions using formulas Procedure First, make sure that the items needed for the lab are ready along with the safety precautions. What we do is mix and observe the reaction of 5 main substances while they are being mixed with 7 different substances in a 96 well plate.Observations The first column which as the sodium phosphate had a reaction with the five substances inside of the 96 well plate and also the Sodium Hydroxide had a reaction with all the five substances inside the 96 well plate. The other thing that I observed with learning from this experiment was the color that was given off when the substances mixed for example; whenever the barium nitrate had a reaction it changed to a cloudy color white.Reactions of the chemical (equations) A1) Co(N03)2 + 6 H20 + Na3P04 + 12 H20 ? Na3 + P02Co(N03)2 + 18 H20 A6) Co(N03)2 †¢ 6 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? NaCo(N03)2 + C03 + 6 H20 A7) Co(N03)2 †¢ 6 H20 †¢ NaOH ? B1) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? B2) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaI ? B5) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaHC03 ? B6) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? B7) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaOH ? C1) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? C2) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Nal ?C6) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? D1) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? D3) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na2S04 ? D5) Ba(N03)2 †¢ NaHC03 ? D6) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na2C03 ? Conclusions I have learned that some of the substances don’t have a reaction with another substance, but on this particle experiment about half and half had a reaction and didn’t have a reaction. The ones that were easy to decide if they were having a reaction changed colors and became very cloudy.

Leadership------read the requirement i send you carefully Essay - 1

Leadership------read the requirement i send you carefully - Essay Example Japan, China and USA. Finally the study will be concluding with an insight the recommendations to the managers of the organizations to enhance the domestic as well as international leadership. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Definition 4 Differences between domestic and international leaders competencies 5 Domestic Leadership Competencies 5 International Leadership Competencies 6 Leadership in domestic and international business 6 Discussion 7 Leadership styles & culture studies 7 Cross Cultural Leadership Model 9 Comparison of Domestic and International Leadership 10 Japan 10 China 11 USA 12 Conclusion 13 Japan 13 China 14 USA 15 Reference list 16 Introduction Definition Leadership can be described as a procedure to have supremacy on the group performance in order to reach to the business objectives. It plays an important role within the functioning of an organization. The incorporation of leadership theories or models helps in reducing various organi zational issues (Howell and Costley, 2001; Johnson, 2000). In this twentieth century, it has been evident that leadership characteristics have high importance in the efficient functioning in an organization (Song, Wang, and Wei, 2007). For eliminating the organizational issues and bringing a change within the organization, it is essential that the managers incorporate various leadership characteristics in their functioning (Yukl, 2009; Rees and French, 2010). There are mainly two types of leadership adapted by the leaders within the organizations. One is transactional leadership and the other is the transformational leadership. In transactional leadership, the leaders first set the objectives and goals for all the subordinates and then plans for implementation of different rewarding and punishment techniques in order to encourage them in conducting their operational activities according to the organizational objectives and goals. In transformational leadership, the transformational leaders first identify the required change and then set one vision thereby bringing the change process Transformational Leadership and Domestic Leadership- The transformational leaders believe in imaginative leadership for influencing the subordinates. They believe in strengthening the bonding with the followers and thereby building compassionate relationship with them. The domestic leaders follow transformational leadership for motivating the followers and encouraging them in making better performance. It becomes easy for the domestic leaders to develop compassionate relationship with the subordinates as there is no existence of cultural diversification. Thus form of leadership does not rely on the monetary rewarding techniques such as incentives, bonuses etc. Transactional leadership and International Leadership - The transactional leaders make detailed planning of whatever us going to be executed. These leaders prefer efficient organizations with high quality employees. These lea ders motivate their employees by means of practical methods rather than inspiration. It is so because only inspiration does not work out to be effective for the employees at certain point of time. In such a situation, it is essential to satisfy them by means of monetary rewards such as incentives or bonuses. The international leaders follow this form of leadership as it becomes easy for them to influence the subordinates by providing monetary rewards. Satisfying their demands would

Youth and Urban Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Youth and Urban Culture - Essay Example While examining the youth culture and subcultures it has been seen that it is important that the youth are taught to adapt conventional political and moral outlooks and are habituated to discipline in working life. Subcultures emerge as solution to problems that are collectively faced because of challenges in the social structure (Brake ix). The objective of this paper is to talk about the influence of the youth on the urban culture, bringing out the behavioral patterns and lifestyles of the former especially in modern urban setting. Youth as Subculture The study of subculture is done in relation with the broader system of society. It includes symbolisms of clothing, music and other interests of the subculture and also how such symbolisms are looked upon by the members of the broader culture that dominates the subculture. In any subculture there is the struggle for establishment of subgroups of different values and lifestyles (Brake 3). Youth subculture represents themselves with the ir own style, interests and behaviour through their activities. They often adhere to their own rules outside their social institutions like home or school. They consciously form a signature style of their own which they relish and exploit (Gelder & Thornton, 1). Style is significant in subculture. It transforms the normal process and goes â€Å"against nature†. ... There was a dramatic change in the cultural expression of the class. With the introduction of mass media, shift from joint families to nuclear families, changes in the school and work organisations, all these resulted in disintegrating and polarizing the community of the working class. This method of polarization gave rise to youth culture (Hebdige 74). In the post war era the youth began to exhibit many â€Å"non-solidaristic elements† with the culture of their parents. The dominant culture of the parents refused to comply with the status established by the youth. This led to the youth being a â€Å"vehicle for anti-establishment currents† (Jenks 122). Cultural Significance There are many specific factors behind the youth culture and some of them are rise in the spending power among the youth of the working class, emergence of market as an outlet for spending the surplus income and reformations in the field of education. All these factors led to a consciousness among t he younger generation to create an identity of their own and often they were rebellious against the traditional norms. Youth was being regarded as a separate culture as they began to adopt their own style and behavioral patterns. In the 1920s, it was understood that youth culture is not devoid of classes when evidence was garnered on juvenile criminals on streets and bootleggers (Hebdige, 74-75). The youth subculture enforces their own social practices, lifestyle, choice of clothes, types of television programs, music and friendship groups. The attempt of the youth to maintain a separate cultural world from the adults is not insignificant. Such forms of â€Å"symbolic creativity† are essential for daily life for the young people and should be considered as an essential part of human

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Treatments Discussion Essay

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Treatments Discussion - Essay Example For short-term treatment, PPIs are more effective compared to H2RAs (Karch, 2013). The two drugs act by repressing the production of acid from the stomach. The PPIs drugs reduce but do not prevent the risk of developing ulcers in people taking NSAIDs (Song, Zhu & Lu, 2015). There is evidence that a dose of 75mg ranitidine and famotidine 10mg helps to minimize gastric acidity for at least 12h at night though it is a lower dose than the one in the prescription product insert. The PPIs are more effective in the prevention of acute peptic ulcer bleeding and ulcer healing. However, a standard dose of H2RAs is efficient in the prevention of NSAID- induced injury such as duodenal but not gastric ulcers (Mejia & Kraft, 2009). The PPIs are efficient in inhibition of gastric acid production. The commonly used drugs include rabeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and esomeprazole. These drugs are weak bases that require an acidic surrounding to obstruct H+K+ -ATPase and act as prodrugs. The PPIs also reduce pepsin secretion that acts to minimize mucosa harm. Moreover, the morning dosage of PPIs enhances acid repression that is in contrast with H2RAs that works well at night. The drugs’ effect increase with repeated administration where by day three a steady state happens and the amount of pumps that is inhibited for more than two hours get to 70%. An increase in enzyme recruitment promotes progressive acid suppression. Nevertheless, taking the drugs ‘when required’ does not generate sufficient acid inhibition and does not give a regular clinical reaction. PPIs and H2RAs should not be used together because of their minimum inhibitory impact. If there is a need for concomitant treatment, it is advisable to provide enough intervals in the administration of the two drugs. The H2RAs are safe to use and can be obtained over-the-counter. However, for elderly patients in the intensive care unit suffering from renal and hepatic difficulties, it

Economic Sustainability, Changing Labor Market through the EU Policies Literature review

Economic Sustainability, Changing Labor Market through the EU Policies - Literature review Example Literature that bears discussions on sustainability as investment policies will be tackled by this review, along with strategic and long-term developments in the EU region. It shall also be relevant to cover literature addressing the purposes of EU and the common interests upheld by its member nations. This will be connected with the literature on the multiplier effect model.  The resources found for this realm are mainly books, which have been appropriate materials that enabled achieving the objectives of presenting and discussing concepts related to the study.The European Union (EU) creates an impact on national political and administrative systems, as well as domestic politics and policies. The research perspective of â€Å"Europeanization† brings into focus that Europe plays a significant role in the usual bouts of the political life of politicians, national bureaucrats, and the wider public, blowing fresh air into old debates of European integration, policy-making, and European governance (Lenschow Andrea 2004, p. 56). The shift of political responsibilities and possibly, public loyalty to the European level has implied a relative weakening of national state structures, while there are some debates claiming that European-level arrangements have strengthened national governments (Lenschow   2004,   p. 56). The separate treatments of European and national politics were ended by the concept of multi-level governance in which the multitude of political and societal actors is considered potential parts of a dynamic network while the vertical levels of governance are interlinked in the concept of multi-level governance. The EU governance structure has a top-down process, which produces an impact on the domestic structures of EU member states (Cowles, et al., 2001 in Lenschow   2004, p. 57). The top-down impact of the EU on its member states suggests reorienting the direction and shape of politics in a way that EU political and economic movements a nd dynamics become a part of the larger organizational process of policy making (Lenschow, 2004, p. 58). There also appears a horizontal transfer of concepts and policies between member states of the EU, in which EU plays a facilitating role for inter-state transfers. Although an inter-state transfer or diffusion exists among states through horizontal, state-to-state transfer processes taking place independently of the existence of the EU, the EU provides the arena for inter-state communication or facilitation of such horizontal processes. It assumes that the EU is the direct or the indirect provider of a necessary impulse for domestic change in that it represents a set of rules and a discursive framework leading to domestic change. Hence, the EU serves as a facilitator of discourses and rules in the political arena of the region between and among member states.

MPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SAUDI NEWSROOM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

MPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SAUDI NEWSROOM - Essay Example Specifically the actual number of active Facebook users has reached 1.23 billion worldwide as of December 2013 with 1.74 million more active users as compared to the previous year (Sedghi, 2014). With 645,750,000 active registered users, Twitter’s active users have reached 115 million each month (Statistic Brain, 2014). Other kinds of social media platform which can also be utilized in the collection and dissemination of news information include: blogs, CharRoulette, Digg, Flickr, Foursquare, Google Groups, Google Wave, Groupon, Hi5, LinkedIn, MocoSpace, MySpace, Orkut, SecondLife, Seesmic, SCVNGR, Tweetdeck, Wiki’s, Windows Online, Wordpress, Yelp, YouTube, and chat rooms like ICQ, Skype, and Yahoo Messenger (Pedersen, 2013: 210; Funk, 2011: 8 – 9; Wankel, Marovich and Stanaityte, 2010: 8). (See Figure I – Facebook’s Monthly Active Monthly Users on page 3) The globally available social media tools are useful in terms of making the general public become more interactive and more demanding in terms of the quality of information they receive from various sources such as the media (Pedersen, 2013: 210). It could also mean that the constant increase in the number of social media users has created a huge impact in the way the newsrooms are being managed today. For instance, because of the availability of social media technology, a lot of modern journalists have moved away from the use of the old typewriters and the need to cut-out old newspapers for their personal compilation purposes (Bakhurst, 2011). Using the social media tools that are available in most mobile phone gadgets, laptops, or other related mobile devices, news reports worldwide can now be readily available on a 24/7 basis (Sheller, 2014; Crowe, 2012: 49; Bakhurst, 2011). The Arab world has no doubt experienced an awakening of free expression. The world has witnessed the rise of an

Module 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 1 SLP - Essay Example The nominal value of the company’s shares is $ 0.001 but with the immense growth displayed the company over decades the company’s share price has grown significantly and it is presently $97.06 (as of June 2, 2014) Following is the trend of the share price observed on the day of recording the company’s share price. Above figures prove that the company has been growing each year. Hershey has not just improved its figures but it has excelled in its operational efficiency as well; in 2010, the ratio of income to sales was 8.9% against 2013 when the ratio value was 11.50%. Price/Book ratio indicates high anticipations by the market related to the company performance. The high return on assets of 16.68% is accompanies by high return on equity of 59.75%. Theses return ratios indicate that the company has successfully executed the strategy of gaining high returns. This makes it more attractive for public offering because high returns are more attractive for investors. Such high return rates are supported by underlying efficient operating and profit ratios of 19.06% and 11.56%. The difference between operating and profit indicates that company has fewer overhead/administrative costs, which are only because of its cost minimization techniques. As per Hershey’s annual report, the company is simultaneously investing in more than five countries on research and development for the betterment of its production processes so that the quality and costs could be improved. In addition to this, the company has decent market share despite huge competitors in th e market. As discussed above, Hershey is an advancing company, which is sustaining against tough competition in the market. In spite of the growth over the period of the years, it has still not become the market leader. It only has market capitalization of 21%. If more funds are injected into the company, Hershey will definitely gain more

CAPM Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CAPM - Term Paper Example Since capital asset pricing model is not a valid method, there are alternative methods used instead of CAPM. Alternative method includes weighted average cost of capital plus the tailor made marker risk assessment method. The paper ill illustrate the reason as to why the weighted average cost of capital is a better method/approach than the capital asset pricing model method. A brief conclusion will summarize why capital asset is a biased methodology and present why WACC is a better method in assessing cost of capital. Beta measures investment risk of non-diversified venture. Beta measures risk of an already diversified investment portfolio. Beta risk is the only risk which investors do receive a relatively high return than the risk free interest rate. The beta part of asset serves to measure riskiness in an asset. Beta measures individual asset risks and represents non diversifiable risk part of an asset. Beta of a portfolio is an average measure of all individual betas of an asset. Individual asset standard deviation squared measures risks associated with deviations/fluctuation of asset rate of return over time. According to the CAPM, investors are compensated for taking risk and so as to capture the element of time value of money in valuation of risky assets. The risk free rate captures the time value of money in the above formula.it shows how an investor ought to be invested for putting resources in a certain investment over time. Beta is a measure of risk in the model2. The decision rule in the model is that an investment is only undertaken when the expected return meets required return in an investment3. A security market line shows the relationship between CAPM results and various risks in the capital market. Risky assets are the assets which are traded in the asset market. Risk free assets refer to the process of lending and borrowing of assets with a certain interest rate. The CAPM assumes information on

Personality Impact Paper Essay Example for Free

Personality Impact Paper Essay In order for managers and employees to effectively get along in the workplace they must first learn how to understand and appreciate one another. The Journal of Adlerian Theory published an article discussing the various personalities’ styles in the workplace. The report states that being able to recognize characters from in workers and managers is important for those who lead or manage as others as well as for those who consult or treat workers and leaders (page 2). The purpose of this paper is to summarize Exhibit 2. 5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, it will also summarize my primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that I can apply to my workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 Exhibit 2.5 is an assessment that measures the extraversion or positive affectivity of a person. According to the text a person, which is positively effective, is predisposed to experience positive emotional states and feel good about themselves and the world around them (page 43). People, who are extroverted, tend to be more sociable and affectionate towards others. Exhibit 2.6 is to measure the neuroticism or negative affectivity. Negative affectivity in the textbook is defined as people tendencies to experience negative emotional states, feel distressed, and view themselves and the world around them negatively (page 44). This is the exact opposite at positive affectivity. People, who have high neuroticism, are more likely to experience more stress over time and often have negative moods at work/ home. Exhibit 2.7 is a measure of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences. The textbook explains agreeableness as individuals who get along well with other people and those who do not (page 45). People, who are agreeable, are very likable, care for others, and tend to be affectionate. A person, who is conscientiousness, is careful, scrupulous, and persevering (page 45). People, who score high in the area, are found to  be very tidy and organized, as well as self-disciplined. People, who are open to experiences, have broad interests and are willing to take risks (page 46). Summary of My Testing Results In Exhibit 2.5 I scored high on positive affectivity. and answered all of the questions with true. This result would show that I am a happy person and views my work and the world around myself positively. My results of Exhibit 2.6 indicate a low level of negative affectivity. I means that sometimes he feels tense all day because of the challenges he has ahead of myself at work and also gets nervous from time to time. This would again reaffirm the results of Exhibit 2.5 which I have a positive outlook on life. The results of Exhibit 2.7 proved what I was already aware of. I tends to be an agreeable person who is open to experiences. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, implying that is can be somewhat careless. I have a strong personality and a lot of good characteristics to offer as a leader. I did very charismatic and pragmatic. As a leader, this would be necessary in times of boosting morale and encouraging others around myself. my view on things from a positive light as well and tends to be open-minded. Cognitively I am numerically conscious, is also able to use reasoning, deductive abilities, and is perceptual. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, which as a leader could mean that he is willing to take more risks. Conclusion The purpose of this paper was to summarize Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, define My primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that he can apply to the workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. People all over the world tend to operate based on feelings and innate habits they learned from their surroundings. Having a clear understanding of these feelings and how it drives our individual personalities can create successful business relationships. References Jennifer M. George, Garth R. Jones (2012). Understanding and Managing Organized Behavior. 6th Edition. Published by Prentice Hall Sperry, Len (1995). Individual Psychology. Personality Styles in the Workplace, Volume 51 (Issue 4), pages 422.

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Assignment Topic: One of the main ways in which the ‘veil of incorporation’ can be lifted is when directors breach their duties. This essay question is set around the duty to prevent insolvent trading. You will need to have read the chapter in your prescribed text that deals with this duty and have then researched more widely by looking at other textbooks, the relevant CCH online library, articles from the internet and journal articles. You must answer both parts of this topic. Please make sure you have REFERENCED in the body of your work ACCURATELY,. Remember, referencing shows you have researched and thought about what material will be relevant to assist you in answering the questions. Read the following scenario and answer BOTH parts (questions) at the end. OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. is a company formed by three friends (Des, Satish and Emma) who bring different skills and abilities to the business. Emma is an accounting graduate, Des has expertise in occupational health and safety (OHS) and Satish has an IT degree. They decided to start up a business which would provide a portal through which the public and businesses could access (for free) information on all aspects of OHS. OHS Solutions would finance its business, and make profits, by charging businesses to advertise via their website. The directors of OHS Solutions are: Managing Director – Des Finance Director – Emma (non executive) Director – Satish (executive – employed also to run the technological side of the business) Director – Ying (non executive) – a friend of Des’ and director of Support Pty. Ltd. (Support Pty. Ltd. has gone guarantor for a $50,000 loan from the Business Bank Ltd. to OHS Solutions) The Shareholders of OHS Solutions (holding equal amounts of ordinary shares) are Des, Emma, Satish and Support Pty. Ltd. As at January 2007 OHS Solutions had been operating for six months. It had  some initial IT problems which prevented some of the advertisers’ material from being accessed. In order to try to help overcome these technical problems Satish engaged Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd. At the February Board meeting, Satish reported that two businesses who had paid to advertise on the website were dissatisfied with what was happening and were threatening to sue for breach of contract. Emma was unable to table any financial information as the employee who had been doing the accounts had been sick and when Emma looked at the records she found that they seemed to be in a bit of a mess. She did find a large account from Trouble Shooters that was over due. Des reported that he was disturbed by this news. He had been told by Satish that the IT problems had been fixed since Trouble Shooters had been engaged, and he had just signed a $10,000 advertising contract with Promotions Plus Pty. Ltd. to advertise the website and signed up to go to a trade show to be held in conjunction with a forthcoming OHS conference. He said this was needed because a number of high profile advertisers were threatening to discontinue their association with OHS Solutions unless the portal became better known. Ying just listens in disbelief at the March Board meeting. It seemed to her that OHS Solutions is being poorly managed and is failing to make the most of a potentially profitable business opportunity. This could present an opportunity for Support Pty. Ltd. to make an offer to buy OHS Solutions at a good price. On the other hand Support Pty. Ltd. is exposed as a guarantor. Assume she consults you, an accountant, for your preliminary view about the predicament of OHS Solutions and what she should do. Assume also that the first thing that comes to your mind is whether Ying herself may be vulnerable as a director of OHS Solutions for failing to prevent OHS Solutions from trading when it is insolvent.

Development of Cognition and Language

Development of Cognition and Language Michael Leo Glynn Research in the area of the development of cognition and language has a long tradition; yet, until recently it has not been possible to ascertain how infants think as they are not able to communicate verbally. It could be argued that language provides concepts that are used to organise thinking, and this premise suggests that infants are neither able to think, nor possess knowledge before they learn language. However, recent research employing innovative experimental methods, allows inferences into how infants’ minds function before they acquire language. This essay will outline relevant research and highlight some methods used to examine how preverbal infants think and categorise the world before they can talk, and will challenge the view that infants have not developed the ability to conceptualise before language acquisition. It will also examine how both language comprehension and language production develops, and discuss how infants are able to distinguish speech. In doing so, it will acknowledge nativist and empiricist perspectives, whilst considering conflicting views of developmental theorists. Perspectives conflict in the way in which it is assumed cognition develops on a continuum from innate ability to experiential learning. Theories offered by Chomsky (1965) in relation to language-specific mechanisms, for example, are from a nativist viewpoint. In contrast, behaviourists, e.g., Skinner (1954) take an empiricist stance advocating that development is primarily a result of learning (Oates and Grayson, 2004). Piaget (1955) and Vygotsky (1962) hold similar views towards the constructive nature of cognitive development and the role that language plays, agreeing that language is elaborated through complex interactions between an infant and their environment. However, Piaget submits that language is dependent upon fundamental constructs of thought for development, whereas, Vygotsky takes a social constructivist view and sees language as necessary for developing thought; furthermore, that thought and language are two separate functions that merge at around 2-years old (Bancroft and Flynn, 2005). Piaget observed infants talking to themselves, which he termed ‘egocentric speak’ (Oates and Grayson 2004), a symbolic function that enables infants to internally construct verbal thought. Vygotsky, in contrast, viewed this as only the first step, and that social interaction with others using language as a ‘cultural tool’ is crucial for language development (Oates and Grayson, 2004). Research has continued apace since Piaget and Vygotsky’s studies and, whilst their influences remain, there is now compelling evidence that preverbal infants can establish links between experiences, construct categories, group them, and in doing so form concepts much earlier than previously assumed. Based upon Frantz’s (1963) familiarisation/novelty preference method, whereby visual fixation duration for one stimulus over another confirmed that infants can perceptually categorise, Younger and Gotlieb (1998) conducted controlled experiments with infants aged 3, 5, and 7 months. Infants were familiarised with distorted prototype dot patterns ranging from good, intermediate, to poor before being shown a control pair comprising a previously shown non-distorted exemplar and an unfamiliar novel exemplar. With one exception all groups preferred to focus upon the novel prototype, thereby indicating that they had formed a category representation due to the familiarisation of the distorted set of exemplars. Results suggested that infants are able to organise their thinking, and although the greatest ability to preferentiate was present at 7 months, all infants possessed a degree of cognition. Quinn et al. (1993), using pictures rather than patterns, arguably providing more ecological validity, demonstrated that infants are also able to categorise animals: discriminating cats from other species such as birds, dogs and horses and, furthermore, able to discern related species (Eimas and Quinn, 1994). Behl-Chadha’s (1996) experiments revealed that infants aged 3 to 4 months are also capable of forming hierarchical structures similar to adults. A novelty preference method using familiar furniture objects as a ‘class’, at a global level, revealed that infants are able to distinguish between chairs and couches at a basic/intermediate level. Experiments using photographs of mammals found that infants, in common with adults, are also able to form global category representations for wide-ranging classes of stimuli (Quinn and Oates, 2004). Further studies by Younger and Gotlieb (1998) indicate that infants use two processes to store categories, an ‘exemplar memory’ for small numbers of instances where every example is stored, and a ‘prototype abstraction’, for large numbers of instances whereby an average of the examples are stored. Their findings suggest that infants employ two strategies to categorise across global/superordinate, basic/intermediate, and specific/subordinate levels. Object examination experiments sought to identify whether infants construct or deconstruct from basic to global levels of category representations or vice versa, and findings tend to support that the latter occurs easier and earlier (Quinn and Oates, 2004), suggesting that prototype abstraction develops before exemplar memory. Studies by Quinn (1994), using similar methods illustrate that infants are also capable of spatial category representation, e.g., above as opposed to below, and between rather than outside. Sensor modality cues are also an important factor in how infants form category representations and there has been much interest in how infants focus upon specific attributes that provide these cues. Quinn and Eimas (1996b), amongst others, employed methods that systematically varied the attributes of an exemplar shown to infants which revealed that they formed categories based upon the presence of a cue, but were unable to form category representations in its absence (Quinn and Oates, 2004). Rakison and Butterworth (1998) employing a sequential touching procedure, the categorisation of toy objects, with older infants, also reported evidence that specific aspects of an exemplar are a cue that enables differentiation between global categories. Using dynamic point light display methods, Arterberry and Bornstein (2002) found that dynamic movement cues can also be attributed to how infants form category representations, where infants were able to distinguish, by movement, animals from objects. Two competing theories exist as to how categories mature into concepts. In accord with the Piagetian viewpoint, a single-process model suggests that language, amongst other exemplars of information, contribute towards an infant’s cognitive ability to develop category representations: a process described as ‘quantitative enrichment’ (Quinn and Eimas, 2000), e.g., enrichment of category representations by infants learning to name objects with their caregivers (Quinn and Oates, 2004). Mandler (1997) addressed the issue of whether there is a developmental progression from category to concept and theorised that perceptual categorisation, the ‘knowing’ that something exists, occurs before conceptual categorisation, the forming of concepts including ‘thinking’ and ‘understanding’ (Quinn and Oates, 2004). Mandler (1992, 2000) suggests a two-process model arguing that perceptual and image schemas, in parallel, lay the foundation for m ature concepts. Perceptual schemas describe features, whereas image schemas allow for abstract features of how exemplars behave leading to the formation of true concepts. This accords with Paiget’s theory of structures and stages of development being marked by characteristic modes of thought (Bancroft and Flynn, 2005). A similar dual-process theory, Karmiloff-Smith (1986), describes an infant’s developmental process as knowledge moving from being implicit and procedural to explicit. Karmiloff-Smiths ‘representational re-description’ model suggests that practise at procedural level is required for knowledge to be re-described as an ‘object of thought’. Research supports that preverbal infants have learned how to form categories, possess a capacity for complex recognition strategies, and have the basic cognitive building blocks for language to develop. However, it is the point at which language begins to emerge, the nature of the relationship between category learning and identifying word sounds in speech, understanding them, categorising them, and reproducing them that is debatable. Speech production is dependent upon comprehension which requires: identification of a word from a speech stream; remembering the word sound for recall; association with an object or action; repetition; then using the word in an appropriate context (Harris, 2004). This empirical viewpoint suggests language needs to be learnt and is not innate. However, DeCasper and Spence (1996) found that prenatal infants are capable of recognising speech sounds; furthermore, research indicates that 4-week-old infants show a propensity towards their mother’s voic e (Mehler and Dupoux, 1994). Experiments by Mehler et al. (1994) report that younger infants favour the familiar language of their surroundings. Christophe and Morton (1998) language comparison experiments attributed this phenomenon to a preference for prosodic patterns, predicting and finding that 2-month-old infants could distinguish English from Japanese, but given the similarities between English and Dutch could not do so. The ability of infants to exploit prosodic cues to bound words was further investigated by Johnson and Jusczuk (2001), who elaborated that transitional probabilities, the ability to detect and remember syllables, also contributes toward language comprehension. Infants are capable of category learning prior to language acquisition, therefore it seems plausible that category learning must be achieved before language production, and it is at this point that changes in an infant’s developing vocal track support the production of their first words, whilst at the same time learning to categorise words and relate them to objects, e.g., the formulation of a word category for cat and then labelling the category. Vygotsky’s social constructivist viewpoint holds that relating words to objects and actions occurs within a social context. Bruner (1975, 1993) elaborates the view that first words emerge within familiar social contexts; however, he did not proffer the extent to which they grow out of experience. The empirical view supports the notion that the production of words involves repeating the sound of a word as it is experienced and in an appropriate context. Harris et al. (1983) support Vygotsky’s view of embedding language i n socially meaningful activities, and found that infants use words in a similar way to their mothers during social routines; furthermore, that comprehension is enhanced by qualitative enrichment: clarifying actions such as gazing, pointing and touching objects, e.g., a toy cat, as cues for an infant to relate words to objects (Harris, 2004). However, as comprehension of words improves, infants are able to abstract them in other contexts. Hart (1991) attributed this non-reliance on experience to increased vocabulary ability. A vocabulary spurt occurs between 1 to 2 years and appears crucial to understanding the correlation between language development and categorisation. Gopnik and Meltzoff (1987) sought to substantiate a link between categorisation and language domains of development and whether they occurred simultaneously. Longitudinal studies observing infants between the ages of 15 to 20 months reported a significant relationship between the vocabulary spurt and categorisation, but did not find strong links between categorisation and other cognitive measures. Gopnik and Meltzoff (1992) were unable to establish whether the vocabulary spurt causes an improved ability to categorise or whether, indeed, the ability to categorise underpins language development (Harris, 2004). These findings compliment Vygotsky’s theory that language and thought are separate functions, and supports that until the point at which they merge infants only possess a basic comprehension of language which provides the buil ding blocks for higher-level thinking and the realisation of ‘true concepts’ (The Open University, 2006, p. 11). Evidence has identified that infants possess a degree of cognitive ability that allows for a basic understanding of language, albeit a rudimentary recognition of basic prosodic patterns and syllables. Prior to language acquisition infants are capable of forming, storing, and retrieving category representations and recognising cues, at both basic and global levels using exemplar memory and prototype abstraction. Category learning can also be distinguished from other cognitive skills as beneficial to language development and when infants start to use their first words, it is apparent that their ability to categorise visual objects evolves to forming abstract ideas. Moreover, as vocabulary increases the capacity to categorise provides for the transition from knowing to forming true concepts. Prior to contemporary methods of investigation, nativists may not have been able to attribute these capacities to anything but innate ability and recent approaches challenge this view. The capacity to categorise is not dependent upon language acquisition; rather it facilitates the foundation for language development. Notwithstanding that infants possess the physical and cognitive processes requisite for developing language, also essential are social interactions that provide rich social contexts in which they can develop cognition and language. This supports Vygotsky’s premise of language being a cultural tool that features significantly in the development of cognition. References: Arterberry, M. E. and Bornstein, M. H. (2002), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 42. Bancroft, D. and Flynn, E. (2005) ‘Early cognitive development’, in Oates, J., Wood, C. and Grayson, A. (eds), Psychological Development and Early Childhood, Oxford, Blackwell/The Open University. Behl-Chadha, G. (1996), cited in Oates and Grayson (2004) p. 36. Bruner, J. S. (1975), cited in Harris (2004) p. 73. Bruner, J. S. (1993), cited in Harris (2004) p. 73. Christophe, A. and Morton, J. (1998), cited in Harris (2004) p. 67. Christophe, A. and Morton, J. (1998) ‘Reading A: Is Dutch native English? Linguistic analysis by 2-month-olds’ in Oates and Grayson (2004) pp. 98-105. Chomsky, N. (1965), cited in Oates and Grayson (2004) p. 14. DeCasper, A. J. and Spence, M. J. (1996), cited in Harris (2004) p. 66. Eimas, P. D. and Quinn, P. C. (1994), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) pp. 34-35. Fantz, R. (1963), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 28. Fantz, R. (1963) ‘Reading A: ‘Pattern vision in newborn infants’ in Slater and Oates, (2005) pp. 124-6. Gopnik, A. and Meltzoff, A. N. (1987), cited in Harris (2004) p. 54-55. Gopnik, A. and Meltzoff, A. N. (1992), cited in Harris (2004) p. 56. Harris, M., Jones, D. and Grant, J. (1983), cited in Harris (2004) p. 74-76. Harris, M. (2004) ‘First words’, in Oates, J. and Grayson, A. (eds), Cognitive and Language Development in Children, Oxford, Blackwell/the Open University. Hart, B. (1991), cited in Harris (2004) p. 89. Johnson, E. K. and Jusczyk, P. W. (2001), cited in Harris (2004) p. 70-72. Mandler, J. M. (1997), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 27. Mandler, J. M. (1992, 2000), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 44. Mehler, J. and Dupoux, E. (1994), cited in Harris (2004) p. 67. Mehler, J., Jusczyk, P. W., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Dupoux, E. and Nazzi, T. (1994), cited in Harris (2004) p. 67. Oates, J., Sheehy, K. and Wood, C. (2005) ‘Theories of development’ in Oates, J., Wood, C. and Grayson, A. (eds), Psychological Development and Early Childhood, Oxford, Blackwell/The Open University. Oates, J. and Grayson, A. (2004) ‘Introduction: perspectives on cognitive and language development, in Oates, J. and Grayson, A. (eds), Cognitive and Language Development in Children, Oxford, Blackwell/the Open University. Piaget, J. (1923/1926), cited in Oates, J., Sheehy, K. and Wood, C. (2005) p. 66. Piaget, J. (1955), cited in Oates and Grayson (2004) p. 17. Quinn, P. C. (1994), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 37. Quinn, P.C. and Eimas, P. D. (2000), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 43. Quinn, P.C. and Eimas, P. D. (2004b), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 40. Quinn, P. C. Eimas, P. D. and Rosenkrantz, S. L. (1993), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) pp. 34-35. Quinn, P. C. and Oates, J. (2004) ‘Early category representations and concepts’ in Oates, J. and Grayson, A. (eds), Cognitive and Language Development in Children, Oxford, Blackwell/the Open University. Rakison, D. and Butterworth, G. (1998), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) p. 41. Skinner, B. F. (1953), cited in Oates and Grayson (2004) p. 14. The Open University, (2006), ED209 Child Development, Study Guide, Milton Keynes, The Open University Vygotsky, L. S. (1962), cited in Oates and Grayson (2004) p. 17. Vygotsky, L. S. (1986), cited in Bancroft and Flynn (2005) p. 72. Younger, B. A. and Gotlieb, S. (1988), cited in Quinn and Oates (2004) pp. 31-33.

Writing an Admissions Essay :: College Admissions Essays

Writing an Admissions Essay The process of writing—and writing admissions essays in particular—invites a consciously-constructed performance of the self. What I mean by this is that a text—any text—inevitably conveys some persona; and when that text is known as an autobiography or representation of the self, the persona of the text is under even more scrutiny. Andy Warhol, with whom we could never be sure of where the performance ended and where the self started, once said, â€Å"When I did my self-portrait, I left all the pimples out because you always should. . . . Always omit the blemishes—they’re not part of the good picture you want.† * This statement has relevance for any act of self-representation, including admissions essays. Because the essay is an acknowledged representation of the self, the student tries to omit â€Å"blemishes† or whatever material she thinks will make her unattractive to the school. She consciously tries to frame her essay so that it will project the particular kind of persona she thinks the admissions officers want to see. However much they tell you, â€Å"Just be yourself,† that’s hardly possible when so much rides on how that self is presented. Even more challenging than the decision of how to frame this self-portrait is the anxiety-producing task of choosing a topic. For example, in a recent New York Times article, a student lamented the fact that no one had died in her family thus leaving her without anything moving to write about. Admissions essays are an unusual and peculiar exercise, one in which we know the student performs. But the school is performing, too. The University, in particular, is known for its quirky and surprising essay questions. This quirkiness itself is a performance of a kind that seeks to attract a certain type of student, perhaps the creative or quirky.

Budget 97 :: essays research papers

Budget 97 Finance Minister Paul Martin unveiled the Liberal government's 1997 budget recently. As most economic and political experts predicted there were very few surprises, if any. This was a cautious and predicable budget that was every bit political as it was economical. With the Liberal government set to call an election in late May or early June the Party was very reluctant to rock the boat further. This is what they have done in the 1997 budget and the subsequent reactions to the new budget from both the business and political communities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this no-surprises, pre-election budget, Martin said deficit cutting is coming to an end and that Canadians, particularly the unemployed, will soon reap the rewards of 40 months of strict financial management. With the Federal deficit dropping over the last few years, the Liberals feel that they can balance the budget in the next two years. This is important because it will allow the government to halt their foreign borrowing to finance the deficit. This greatly helps the credibility of Canada and puts the country's destiny back into domestic palms. With this said, Martin announced no new tax increases, although the raise in the Pension Plan could be considered a hidden tax increase. Martin announced no new spending cuts in this budget although cuts made in previous budgets are set to slash 3 billion more dollars this year. There was some extra spending sprinkled into various areas. For starters, a new tax benefit will be created in co-operation with the provinces, costing the Federal government $600 billion. This program is attempting to help the poor and this can be effective economically because poor people tend to spend everything they have, and they almost always spend it domestically. This program will be introduced in two the stages, the first of which will begin this July with a $195 million supplement. Instead of benefits being capped at $500 per family, the maximum working income supplement benefit will be increased to $605 for the first child, $405 for the second child and $330 for each additional child. Other expenditures will be include; tax credits for students, $300 million in new health care funding and tax credits for medical expenses of the disabled. Depending on how you look at it, Martin is either spending more or just cutting less.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many contrary viewpoints that economic and political leaders have thrown out and most are unsure. It appears that Martin has created a no-brainer budget that doesn't do anything to hurt but does not make Canadians feel better either. Martin was expected to put money into job creation in order

Diversity of Education Essay -- College University Education Essays

Diversity of Education Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. once stated, â€Å"Most†¦think that education should equip them with the proper instruments of exploitation so that they can forever trample over the masses. Still others think that education should furnish them with noble ends rather than means to an end.† What Dr. King was getting at in The Purpose of Education is that education holds many different values for many different people. How can we go about determining one standard value of a college education for a country so recognized for its diversity? Also, is it really true that everyone in our divergent society has an equal opportunity to attend a university? We cannot ignore the fact that the characteristics that separate us will ultimately have a profound impact on both our individual opportunities for and values of a university education. A kid growing up in poverty does not have near the same probability of graduating from a university as a wealthy individual does, and each learns to value post high school education accordingly. Do you think most poor hungry kids are going to think about college after seeing flashy drug dealers from their own neighborhoods driving Benzes, wearing designer clothes, loaded with jewelry, and toting matching Rolex watches? They know this kind of life is morally wrong, but do you think they would rather see their families continue to live like rats? Many of these kids have already dropped out of high school to better support their families by working a full time job. So many times funding is not the only problem. Sure, they could probably get financial aid to go to college and make even more money in four to six years, but hungry stomachs and overdue rent payments just can’t wai... ...cation to a much lesser extent. They usually go on to live a comfortable life, but they sadly remain stuck in their characterless world of superficiality. Lower class students learn to value their education the most, but rarely get the opportunity to do so. They end up as the realest people with the most heart, but go on to live life struggling. So the winners are those who find the perfect balance of opportunity and value, and in my opinion they are the middle class students. These students not only grow intellectually, but they also grow to improve a great deal in character. If these students can make it past the strenuous college years, they will go on to live a special balance of comfortable living along with a good personality. Life does not always appear to be fair, but sometimes we think we are losing life’s battle when we are actually winning its war.

Review of Russia’s Wasteful Attitude towards Oil Reserves

Russia has a high potency for energy copiousness do to its resource rich land. Russia is one of the most uneconomical manufacturers of energy due to misdirection of resources. This is partly because of the fact that Russia is so big that its public assumes that there will ever be more oil to detect, so Russia is non efficient with what it has. This feature of Russia comes from the political orientation of monetary value relationships formed during Russia’s communist yesteryear. The Communist era’s leaders set their precedences on supplying the Soviet with military-industrial complex with inexpensive energy and natural stuffs, ( Goldman ) . This was done to maintain monetary values low to increase economic growing. The job is that these patterns are still portion of the substructure of Russia today. Russia’s ruin was that it had about excessively many resources that attracted corruptness. Right after the Bolshevik Revolution Lenin determined that Russia’s e conomic growing would be dependent on its ain energy potency. Lenin’s attempts went to make the State Electricity Development plan. This plan finally included oil and gas. Separate ministries within the plan led to direct the production and pricing of Russia’s energy and energy resources. This made the Soviet successful with energy, even to the point of catching the US by agencies of bring forthing crude oil in the 1970’s. This was one of the ruins to subsequently Russia. When Russia was bring forthing that much crude oil it made it harder for future production. One of the instances is that they used excessively much H2O injection which caused an addition in oil extraction, but created long term harm to Wellss that finally limited productiveness. This short term believing made Russia utilize up its huge resources, and will subsequently do jobs for the Russian economic system. Russia has ever been defined by its landscape every bit much as by its political orientation and its people. You can non command what is under your undersoil, but Russia is lucky plenty to hold tonss of oil. This will impact many of the picks its leaders have made. Oil makes up approximately 20 per centum of Russia ‘s economic system, 55 per centum of its export net incomes, and 40 per centum of its entire revenue enhancement grosss, ( Naim, Moises ) . In 2004 Russia had a 3rd of the world’s gas militias and was the 2nd largest oil exporter next to Saudi Arabia. Europe is dependent on this since they get a tierce of their oil from Russia. Russia’s high dependance on oil has led it to hold many of the features of a Petro-state. Think of an oil rich state, many are in the in-between E with some being in South America or Africa. Take Venezuela or a two-channel typical Middle Eastern state for an illustration. These states typically have weak establishments, a neglect ing public service, and the wealth is in a high concentration with the general public being in poorness. Russia has many of these features but non as extreme. The general populace of Russia is angered by the hapless per centum of the nation’s money from oil and widespread poorness. The job with a state being a Petro-state is that while it makes good gross, the money is in the custodies of those involved and people outside of the oil concern do non profit much at all. The ground for the bead of Russia’s laterality of oil in 2004 is from the new oil engineering that other states have developed. In the 1990’s Russia made inventions in geographic expedition and boring that brought oil Fieldss into production that had non been bring forthing before. The Middle East is non about as stable which has led many companies to turn to Russia for concern. When a state with weak cheques and balances is flooded with gross from crude oil, a petro province is created. If the stat e is strongly democratic with a good populace sector so oil money will non interrupt the economic system such as the US. Petroleum money mixed with hapless public establishments created poorness and corruptness. States with high dependance on oil exports end up with a jobless, volatile economic growing. Crude oil creates money in exports but does non make many occupations which is the ground for the hapless distribution of wealth. There has non been a recorded Petro-state that has turned oil into prosperity for the bulk of its public. While Russia is so dependent on oil, merely two million of its 67 million workers are employed in the oil and gas industry. This big independency on oil causes Russia’s economic system to fluctuate with the monetary value of oil, normally known as roar flop rhythm. When making good the economic system will din, but it ever finally busts. Russia gets over half of its revenue enhancement grosss from the top 10 largest companies. This is two-channe l typical of a Petro-state, which usually has a narrow revenue enhancement base. This causes corrupt authorities thanks to the concentration of revenue enhancement money in a few big companies. Since the companies make up a big per centum of the revenue enhancement gross, they have a larger pull in who gets elected. Guess who they want to acquire elected? They want whoever will profit the company more. This farther causes a larger difference in the spread of wealth because of big companies keeping on to the money and commanding the economic system. The job with nationalising the oil industry is that it causes province owned companies to pervert and command politicization and they can sabotage weak public establishments. Privatizing can besides be a job without a strong ordinances on its revenue enhancements. If this is non done a monopoly could interrupt out which would do greater jobs. Russia is fortunate that it has non yet go a complete Petro-state as of yet. It has a diverse eco nomic system, although mostly dependent on oil, but it could be of usage to follow a strong democracy to assist with its political failing. Russia’s economic system is non known for being stable and strong. If this was non bad plenty, the bead in the monetary value of oil is endangering Russia into a recession. The monetary value of rough oil reached its lowest point in four twelvemonth in October of 2014 ( Arutunyan 1 ) . There is a opportunity that Russia, who gets half of its gross Petroleum based exports, would lose one million millions due to the dropping rough oil monetary value, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . Russia’s economic system is so depended on oil that a mere five dollar loss per barrel of rough oil would be Russia six billion dollars per twelvemonth in lost gross. The heavy monetary value of oil has caused Russia’s exchange rate to other currencies to drop by 20 per centum in the past twelvemonth. A good part of Russia’s economic problems have been caused by Western countenances over Russia’s engagement with Ukraine, and ended up in countenances stoping Western funding assisting Russ ian companies, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . This might look like merely Russia is in problem, but due Russia’s economic dealingss with other states, the neglecting economic system could hold planetary effects. If Russia’s recognition goes down it could impact states in Europe and Asia that on a regular basis trade and rely on its economic stableness. This would be kindred to if China were to get down bear downing 50 per centum more for the goods it trades to America, so America would be in economic problem due to the fact that the US relies to a great extent upon China for its commerce. In the state of affairs of Russia, it is the world’s 8th largest economic system, so many other states depend upon it. If rough oil monetary values would drop to the point that oil dependant Russia goes into a recession, so a better portion of two continents would besides travel into recession. Russia usually exports in dollars and spends money in its ain currency, rubles. This means that the take downing value of ruble’s causes more rubles for every dollar received in oil gross, ( Arutunyan 1 ) . â€Å" This twelvemonth, ( 2014 ) , we have made more than 1.5 trillion rubles ( $ 36.5 billion ) on the ruble ‘s devaluation, † ( Orlova ) . This consequence is non all good though, if the monetary value of oil does non lift the buffer will run out. â€Å" If oil monetary value continues to fall at the same rate, the negative consequence for the GDP will increase, If oil falls to $ 75 per barrel, we could lose up to 3 % of economic growing. That would slightly intensify the recession that ‘s about to acquire underway. † Alexander Golovtsov main analyst at Moscow’s UralSib Asset Management. Soviet union does hold clip to retrieve nevertheless, because of its big Reserve and National Welfare Fund. This will purchase clip for about another two old ages for the oil monetary values to come back up. There would be effects for utilizing modesty financess, one of them being holding to cut military disbursement.

Employers Get Tough on Health

Kayli Tipps Employers Get Tough on Health The article entitled â€Å"Employers Get Tough on Health† is printed by the Chicago Tribune September 24, 2007 and it addresses how some companies in America are now choosing whether you get hired or keep your job based on your personal behavior and lifestyle habits such as smoking or eating high fat meals. In the reading the Article states â€Å"the rules of the work place are changing† and you should be informed of those changes so you can be a likely candidate to get hired if applying for a new job at these companies.I will tell you how they are testing to see if you make â€Å"bad† lifestyle choices and also how it may affect whether you qualify for health insurance or your job at these companies. The company known as Weyco Inc. in Michigan is who the article is about. This Company drew national attention in 2005 when it fired four employees who used tobacco. Weyco performs random testing every three months, usually o f about 30 workers.The workers are supposed to breath into a breathalyzer-like device that measures carbon-monoxide levels. So if the level is high then they are given a urine test and if they fail they will be dismissed. This is a scary idea to those who might smoke. Also I need to mention that you should say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals because Weyco can also regulate your blood pressure, body mass and glucose levels.The requirements embraced by a growing number of companies are setting privacy aside and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance and more importantly employment. Like some of the employees you may be wondering if these new rules are illegal. According to Gary Climes, vice president of Meritain Health Michigan, who owns Weyco, stated that the firings do not violate Michigan law and that the 150 employees at the company have accepted the rules. It really comes down to a personal choice as far as do you want to be employed here,† Clim es said. Since 2005 when Weyco instituted the wellness policy that includes the smoking ban, health insurance costs have increased by only 2 percent which is below the national average. So you now should be worried because personal behavior and lifestyle habits, those unrelated to work, are now fair game for employers determined to cut health care costs.The Article is very informative and gives detailed reports on the testing and how you could potentially be â€Å"dismissed† if you fail one of the tests. Also the article is expressing to you how you should rethink the junk food you have been eating or the cigarette you are about to smoke. Although thousands of employees have put in place incentives for their workers to live healthier lifestyles, the great numbers of employers have not yet embraced the act to penalize workers who don’t satisfy medical and behavioral rules.Although you should really try to take steps to better yourself and use this article as a little pu sh even if you don’t live in Michigan because punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace. I recommend this article to anyone who is currently looking for a job to get these ideas flowing in your head because even if the company you’re working for isn’t testing you or firing people for smoking you should still be aware that they look at your habits.The most important aspect you should have in the work place in presentation in your effort and in yourself. I found this article very informative because I had no idea that businesses even started testing people to see if they smoke or cared that you smoked at all. Although some things may be out of your immediate control such as high blood pressure and glucose levels, you can take measures to improve your health in the long run with choosing a healthier lifestyle, not only for yourself but for your job.

Math Curriculum Reform Issue

Among the subjects learnt by students, Mathematics is among the subjects that are unpopular among the students. They perceive it a very hard subject especially to girls who think the subject should be reserved for boys. However, mathematics learning will be increased by the proposed National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1989. The curriculum proposed is very comprehensive and is likely to improve mathematics performance that has deteriorated for sometime now. One of the most important aspects that has contributed to student performance as a result of proposed National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1989 was due to emphasis the curriculum has put on geometry and spatial. Learning of Geometry has developed student’s understanding and appreciation as far as world’s geometric concepts are concerned. As far as children are concerned, they develop and enhance their ability to learn measurement ideas and learn number. These concepts also help students to be able to understand advanced mathematics that are learnt at higher levels. [1] Another most important concept that has improved student performance in Mathematics is because Geometry is introduced from Pre K to 12. It is very important for people to support the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics that was introduced in 1989 since it enhanced students’ performance in the subject. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics curriculum has promoted egalitarianism among the students as this was the main aim and objective of its development. The proposed Mathematics by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is due to the fact that the ability of the student to be able to solve problems after studying the Mathematics. This is because, in the current world for one to survive comfortably, one has to go with the technology which is comes hand in hand with knowledge of Mathematics. The curriculum proposed is likely to promote student’s learning skill since they removed basic skills that were unnecessary and instead they focused on most important issues since they knew calculator and computers would eliminate calculation which is tedious. Another issue that can make us to support the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics curriculum is that previously, the curriculum had not been focused on all students as it had only focused on analytical, deductive and linear analytical that only met White (Anglo) learning style. For this case, the main aim and objective of the proposed National Council of Teachers of Mathematics was to develop a comprehensive curriculum that would cater for the needs of all students. [2] Currently, student performance in Mathematics has improved and the subject is no longer perceived as a hard subject like it used to be previously. The subject is now popular even to girls and it is should be encouraged since knowledge in Mathematics enhances understanding of other subjects. References National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989): Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1991): Worthwhile Mathematical Tasks – In Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (p. 25). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Â   Â   [1] National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989): Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM. [2] National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1991): Worthwhile Mathematical Tasks in Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (p. 25). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Â   Â  

Urbanisation

Urbanisation in the world today is an ongoing process that has a profound impact on people's living conditions and health status. The globalisation of markets, the desire for higher education, increased use of communication, and new information technologies are the driving forces behind this process. The urbanisation process has marked effects on the natural and cultural environment, on housing arrangements and social networks, as well as on work and employment patterns, not only in the cities, but also in the rural areas.Access to health care, social services, and cultural activities are in many cases better in the cities, but there the access may not be evenly distributed among the population. Problem of urbanization is manifestation of lopsided urbanization, faulty urban planning, urbanization with poor economic base and without having functional categories . Hence India's urbanization is followed by some basic problems in the field of : 1) housing, 2) slums, 3) transport 4) water supply and sanitation, 5) water pollution and air pollution, 6)inadequate provision for social infrastructure ( school, hospital, etc ).Class I cities such as Calcutta , Bombay, Delhi, Madras etc have reached saturation level of employment generating capacity (Kundu,1997). Since these cities are suffering from of urban poverty, unemployment, housing shortage, crisis in urban infra-structural services these large cities can not absorb these distressed rural migrants i. e poor landless illiterate and unskilled agricultural labourers. Hence this migration to urban class I cities causes urban crisis more acute. 2 Most of these cities using capital intensive technologies can not generate employment for these distress rural poor.So there is transfer of rural poverty to urban poverty. Poverty induced migration of illiterate and unskilled labourer occurs in class I cities addressing urban involution and urban decay. 3 Indian urbanization is involuted not evoluted ( Mukherji, 1995). Poverty induced migration occurs due to rural push . Megacities grow in urban population (Nayak,1962) not in urban prosperity, and culture. Hence it is urbanization without urban functional characteristics.These mega cities are subject to extreme filthy slum and very cruel mega city denying shelter, drinking water, electricity,  sanitation ( Kundu,,Bagchi and Kundu, 1999) to the extreme poor and rural migrants. 4 Urbanisation is degenerating social and economic inequalities ( Kundu and Gupta, 1996) which warrants social conflicts, crimes and anti-social activities. Lopsided and uncontrolled urbanization led to environmental degradation and degradation in the quality of urban life—-pollution in sound, air, water, created by disposal of hazardous waste. Illiterate, low- skill or no-skill migrants from rural areas are absorbed in poor low grade urban informal sector at a very low wage rate and urban informal sector becomes in-efficient and unproductive.

The modernization theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The modernization theory - Essay Example This multi-dimensional orientation of the concept give it a much wider and bigger scope to cover and discuss many important and critical issues of the modern world and specially those faced by the developing countries. In effect, Modernization theories study the impact of modernization process on the human communication and in doing so explore many critical and important issues which may serve as the reconciliation points between the developed and developing world. However these modernization and development theories are controversial also as the most underdeveloped societies due to their strong cultural, religious and economic values find it hard to embarrass a change which has not emerged indigenously. This study will explore the modernization and development process besides providing a critical analysis of the theoretical framework and the impact of cultural invariance on the modernization and development process and the societies. The historical orientation of the modernization and development process suggest that it is a macro-theory with historical and sociological inspirations. (Universiteit Twente). It is believed that the theories of modernization and development were developed in order to assess its impact on the human communication. Gidden defined modernization as â€Å"the appearance of the modes of social life of organization which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence† (Giddens). Therefore in effect, modernization defines the changing ways of the communication taking place in modern and traditional society. In its essence the modernization and development theories suggest that the western values and practices are best and that if replicated by the developing countries can prove beneficial to the long term

Media Report Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Report Analysis - Essay Example In December 2009, Lovett was suspended from the football club, and in February 2010, the club terminated his contract. The principal reason given was that he had brought the club into disrepute after sexual assault allegations had been made against him. The precise details of the contract are not provided, but this press release from the football club suggests that by attracting negative media attention, Lovett had done enough to be in breach of certain clauses. However, it is unlikely that this would have been sufficient reason to terminate the contract, given that, as the football club itself emphasises, Lovett remains ‘entitled to the presumption of innocence’. For this reason, however serious the nature of the allegations made against Lovett, to do more than indefinitely suspending the contract pending police investigation would have seemed a disproportionate response to the issue. The Club is therefore careful to emphasise that it is not for them to prejudge on innocence or guilt, which ‘is for the Court to decide’. Instead, what is emphasised is that these charges were not the sole reason for the termination of the contract. The press release therefore refers to ‘a series of acts and omissions in breach of his [Lovett’s] employment contract’. Little detail is given on what these breaches involved, apart from that he failed to fulfil his training commitments, and to maintain sufficient communication with officials at the football Club. While the sexual assault allegations made against him provided valid reason for the suspension of Lovett’s contract until the criminal justice process had taken its course, these breaches do seem to be adequate justification for the termination of the contract. If Lovett failed to turn up to training sessions with the rest of the team, then his performance on the field would clearly suffer, as would his

Write a mini report to demonstrate the meaning of the operational Essay

Write a mini report to demonstrate the meaning of the operational characteristic Visibility , use examples to illustrate your points. (Max 300 words) - Essay Example This store started to work in 1950s, Sweden and now it is the most thriving furniture retailer’s. It has total 276 stores in 36 countries.Its owner has built the store in a very special & innovative way. Therefore its per-unit cost is high as compared to others in the market.Characteristics of operational management includes four V’s.; volume, variety, variation & visibility. Here we’ll discuss the Visibility characteristic, which involves High & Low visibility. Low visibility operations –in this operation to much timing process is involved between the production and the consumption. That is why the output from the transformation is highly standardized. Employees don’t have the required skills and they move towards theminimum number of tasks during the transformation process. Therefore, low visibility leads the business to low cost unit High visibility operations –on the other hand in high visibility time is effectively consumed. Quality of service is based on the service perception. Employees hold much skill to work & there is a high contact among them. The degree of the variety of product is highly considered, keeping the demands of the customers in mind. Services aren’t standardized that’s why employees take their customers seriously. Therefore, per-unit cost is very high. (Business management a Functional focus,

Special education and collaboration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special education and collaboration - Coursework Example Another component is the interaction process, which takes an interaction from the beginning to the end. Here there are such processes as problem solving and responding to conflict and resistance, which requires effective communication skills (Friend & Cook, 2009). Another component is a set of programs and services. These provide the baseline for the collaborative activities to take place. In these services, there are interactive processes that are meant to design and deliver student services takes place. The last component in the collaborative process is context. This is the surrounding where the collaborative processes take place. According to me, the most difficult component to implement is communication skills. This is mainly because of the diversities in cultural backgrounds that you come across when you meet different colleagues and parents. In this case, disagreements can easily come along since some people tend to be ethnocentric. For example, the student to be assisted may be living with grandparents, who may be illiterate, and can only communicate in their mother tongue. As a teacher, or any other team member, it will really need you to have the knowledge of that particular language, or else there will be no communication progress. The problem-solving process entails sequential procedures that have to be followed in order to come out with good results. The first step is to analyze the problem-solving context. Here, you examine the conditions related to the possibility of the problem-solving process to succeed. You also come up with ideas on what might happen if the problem is not solved. The next step is to identify the problem. In this case, you explore all data that can give information concerning the problem, having your main goal in mind (Friend & Cook, 2009). The next step is to find out if the amount of resources needed in addressing the problem in question. Here you can conduct some form of estimations and approximations. You will have

The Baptism Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Baptism Debate - Research Paper Example It is, in effect, an initiation into the Christian religion. This discussion examines the history of Baptism as referenced in the Bible, the various ways the ritual is practiced by differing sects of the Christian Church and provides an explanation of its significance in contemporary times. In addition, the paper analyses the differing nuances of its meaning within the Christian religion. The Old Testament does not specifically reference Baptism. The ritual is explicitly of New Testament origin. However, there are mentions of water being used in purification of soul ceremonies which became inserted in the Christian Baptism ceremony. â€Å"I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean† Ezekiel 36:25. 1 Baptism in the New Testament was introduced by John the Baptist who was an undetermined relative of Jesus. John practiced Baptism for people who wished to repent their sins and receive forgiveness by fully immersing them in the Jordan River. This practice of absolving sin by water would become the founding concept for the baptismal ritual and a significant, though not only, component of modern baptism. John baptized his relative Jesus in the Jordan River as he had many others even though, according to the Bible, Jesus was without sin. This act would become a principal aspect of Jesus’ ministry therefore a principal part of the Christian religion. This occurrence also marks the emergence of another aspect of the Christian religion, the Holy Trinity. The son, Christ, heard the Father’s (God’s) voice while the Holy Spirit â€Å"descend[ed] on him like a dove† Mark 1:10. 2 There does not exist specific instructions on how Christians should practice baptism in The New Testament, but within its pages are insights regarding how Jesus and his disciples perceived the act. Christians may only utilise conjecture regarding the suitable method of procedure and connotation of the baptism ritual by examining the numerous Biblical ve rses which refer to this sacrament. Nicodemus said to Him, â€Å"How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he?† â€Å"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.† John 3:5 â€Å"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.† Matthew 28:19 3 The interpretation of the verses related to baptism, as do all other verses of the Bible, vary widely, person to person, and sect to sect and are subject to modification throughout the years and continue to be disputed. An early interpretation of the baptism ritual was penned by the Apostle Barnabas in the First century. â€Å"We indeed descend into the water

Animal Experimentation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal Experimentation - Research Paper Example As a result, The use of animals in scientific experiments increased dramatically especially after the discovery of anesthetics in mid-nineteenth century; the number of non-human animals used in scientific investigations in UK alone increased from one million per year in early nineteenth century to exceed five millions per year in the 1970s. This huge increase in the use of animals for research purposes was paralleled with an increase in the resistance and oppositions to animal testing. The animal testing controversy involves three sides; a group that is in favor of using animals for medical research debating that human superiority to animals justifies the use of animals in experiments. On the other hand, there is group of people who opposes the use of animals in experiments for ethical concerns. Obviously, both of these two sides are extreme; we cannot allow animals to suffer just based on the proponent’s claim nor can we stop animal tests due to the fact that it would stop hu mans from advancing in medical fields. This controversy resulted in new laws and regulations such as, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) that limits the number of animals that should be tested and the level of pain an animal can endure. Although, of course, experimenting on animals should be regulated, discontinuing this practice must never happen since it would negatively impact the advancement in the medical fields which will affect both humans’ race and non-human animals. The anti- animal testing movement argues that animals have the same rights as humans and therefore we should not be carrying out experiments on them. Tom Regan, a professor at the North Carolina University, argues that animals have similar emotions to our emotional beings, and considering them inferior species is similar to racism. According to Charles Darwin, best known as the father of evolution, humans are different from other species in â€Å"degree† not in â€Å"kind†. Thus Regan believes tha t â€Å"speciesism† which points to the view that the specie that we belong to is superior to other species is the same as racism and sexism. Furthermore, the response that we would get if we ask ourselves what gives us the right to carry experiments on animal for our benefits would be that we humans are more intelligent than other animals. But what about the case of infants or some mentally disabled patients, wouldn’t there be some animals that are more intelligent in comparison to these two examples? So, animals that are less intelligent than humans shall not be tested for human benefits unless we are ready to scarify some of our specie members. Similar to the philosophy of human rights which state that all people should be treated equally, animal rights as well demand that all animals should be equally treated, which prevent the harm of individuals to benefits other(). Humans as well as other animals experience life, and their rights to live and treated equally shou ld not be ignored. Why should animals be the victims of enduring harmful and procedural experiments that would yield benefits that are mostly useful for humans? The answer to this question is the fact there is not many alternative, and only animals are qualified for carrying out medical experiments. The limitation of sources to gain essential information is the reason why animals are used in experiments; there are no computers

From a social psychological perspective, what is stereotyping and how Essay

From a social psychological perspective, what is stereotyping and how does it operate - Essay Example According to the second premise of the continuum model proposed by the authors, â€Å"ease of information fit between category and attribute determines the processes people use,† i.e. categorization or individuation (p.237). Attribute-oriented process is launched in case the target does not fit into the perceiver’s category and confirmation categorization shows itself as unsuccessful. Further individuation is done through re-categorization of the target. Re-categorization occurs through subcategorizing, usage of exemplars or creation of new categories. If the target continues being incompatible with the perceiver’s categories, piecemeal, attribute-by-attribute analysis occurs. However, this is done only in case the perceiver has sufficient time, attentional resources and motivation. The initial categorization process is an automatic perceptual process, while the rest of processes – confirmation categorization, re-categorization and piecemeal integration â €“ are thoughtful, reflective ones. Our experience is coded in our nervous system. This makes us act and react automatically, repeating once learnt reactions again and again. The category filter of individual’s perceptions makes us perceive only selected information. We see what we are focused on, registering positive comments on those we like, negative comments on those we dislike and ignoring the rest. Further, we organize and interpret information following the usual scheme. This automatic perception leads to a number of perceptual errors. Self-fulfilling prophecy (â€Å"behaviour confirmation effect†) and halo-effect (â€Å"cognitive confirmation effect†) are the two widely spread perceptual errors. Self-fulfilling prophecy is about acting according to our beliefs as if they are true. The cognitive confirmation effect takes place when we interact with a person at a distance. Then our

Economiccs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economiccs - Essay Example This means that if resources will be allocated to take care of the young children from disadvantaged environments, the benefits will not only be for the children but for the whole society as well. This can be analyzed through data about the education and the human skills as major factors to determine productivity. Education as a public good when made available to all children can decrease the inequity in the society as it reduces academic and societal difficulties in the future. And through education, skills could be acquired. These skills could help achieve productivity both in the workplace and in the society. Children who were able to go to school will learn and acquire skills that they can use for jobs in the future. In the long run, unemployment and problems brought by it like crimes can be reduced. This is because returns of such investments cannot be realized directly during the present time. The changing trends in the labor markets can also contribute to the inefficiencies th at are present in the economy. The emergence of new technologies has raised the demand for highly skilled workers who are qualified to use them (Heckman and Masterov, 7).

US-Australia Flights and Their Economic Implications Essay Example for Free

US-Australia Flights and Their Economic Implications Essay Airlines and flights availability have very strong implications upon tourism. And tourism, on the other hand affects the economy. Simply stated, it is not very convenient to reach a certain destination without a speedy transportation medium. Imagine how can you reach Washington from Melbourne if there is no flight connecting these two countries? However, connecting two destinations is not an easy task to do. There are a lot of considerations to be done to make the route successful and advantageous to both the air line company and the passengers. In the case of Australia, which has â€Å"eleven per cent (11%) air space of the earth’s surface† (Efficient Planning 2006, 41) flight region, it is quite easy to setup flights. Taking the flight to Washington from Melbourne, or Australia to the United States of America (USA) nowadays are more convenient. In fact recent talks between the officials of these two countries is to have â€Å"open skies† (â€Å"US-Australia†Ã‚   2008) to promote competition and thereby encouraging tourism. Currently, it is the Australian Qantas that takes the lead when flights between the two mentioned countries are concerned. â€Å"At the moment Australian airline Qantas has by far the most non-stop services to the US, and reportedly generates up to 20% of its profits from the route†, according to the BBC report. The weekly non-stop flights between these two countries carried out by Qantas consist of forty-eight (48) trips in all. Can you imagine the exchange of tourism earnings between the US a and Australia only be these flights by a single airline company? Aside from Qantas, other airlines planning to compete in bringing in passengers to Australia from the USA and vice versa are Virgin Blues V Australia and Singapore Airlines. Currently however, there are fourteen (14) weekly flights aside from that of Qantas which is offered by the United Airlines. These flights, totaling to sixty-two are only for the non-stop classification. How about if those with connecting flights are added here? More exchange of tourists can be done if more flights would be counted. Recently, the flights departing the USA going Australia has given   49,000 visitors from the  United States of America only for the 28-day month of February 2008 bringing the total for the two months of 2008, January and   February, to 86,100, â€Å"an  increase of 7 per cent  relative to the same period of the previous year.† (â€Å"February 2008 Highlights†) In fact there is a steady increase of arrivals from the USA to Australia as the year moves away from 2001, the time when security issues on air travels were so critical. The concerns on airline and airport security according to Beirman (2003, 53) became one of the most important challenges facing the world of tourism industry. Airlines and airport authorities worldwide had actively addressed this issue since air piracy first emerged as a terrorist tactic as far back as 1960s.   Beirman (54) further noted that   â€Å"the drop in both domestic and international airline patronage coupled with the reduction of scheduled air services was expected to flow through to patronage of hotels, resort and attractions. Indeed, as stated, the number of passengers is also reflective of the tourism industry because without a means of transportation, tourists cannot just reach where they want to go! And reciprocally, without passengers, flights/airline routes cannot simply survive. On the other hand, things causing people to travel include publicities such as in 1999 when   Qantas airline gained so much profit despite the economic challenges. It was attributed to exposure and publicity related to games would also result in a longer-term growth period  (Qantas Flies High as, 3). Furthermore, there were 44,900 visitors from the  United States of America  during December 2007 bringing the total for 2007 to 459,700, (â€Å"December 2007 Highlights† 2008) an  increase of one (1%) per cent  relative to 2006 while there were a total of 456,000 (â€Å"December 2006 Highlights† 2008) US American arrivals in 2006, a two (2%) per cent rise relative  to 2005, while in 2005, 446,200 (â€Å"December 2005†, 2008)   American visitors arrived,   making an increase of three (3%) per cent  relative to 2004 records. Table 1 American Flyers to Australia (2004-2007) Year Head Count Yearly Increase in % 2007 459.700 0,81 2006   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   456.000 2,20 2005 446.200 3,00 2004 433.200 Base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the economic implications of the above result? Pairing with recent data above, the period covering 2006 and 2007, the tourism industry in Australia contributes 3.7% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 3.4% to the country’s Gross value added amount. Moreover the industry employed 482, 800 individuals comprising 4.7% of the total Australian employment (â€Å"Market Insights† 2008). It surely is a very positive output caused by tourism and one of the contributing factors are the flights and inflows of tourists and visitors mentioned in the preceding discussions. On the other hand, Australian visitor arrivals to the U.S.in 2003 summed up to approximately 582,000 giving a 12% rise from the previous year (â€Å"International Arrivals†, 2005). The following year, a 4% increase followed to 603,000 arrivals (â€Å"International Arrivals†, 2006). In fact the two countries exhibit similar trends, increasing flights as the years move away from 2001 and the number of arrivals are almost reciprocally comparable. In the US, more flights mean more commissions to or incentives to the travel and tourism industry and economy. According to Ioannides and Debbage (1998, 120), through travel agencies commissions, the airline industry can manipulate the type of advice given by the agents. This means more monetary circulation in the market and naturally, as previously mentioned, the ensuing effects to the hotel and accommodation industry, beaches and attractions business, museums, and any other tourist spots in the U.S. And not to be missed, the corresponding taxation paid by those earning entities. In fact, as Hall, and Page (2002, 2) stated, tourism, as with other forms of economic activity, therefore reflects the increasing interconnectedness of the international economy. Indeed, by its very nature in terms of connections between generating areas, destinations and travel routes or paths, tourism is perhaps a phenomenon which depends more than most not only on transport, service and trading networks but also on social, political and environmental relationships between the consumers and producers of the tourist experience. Furthermore tourism can be viewed as a primary industry which, through visitor spending, increases job opportunities and tax revenues, and enhances the communitys overall economic base  (Hall, and Page 2002, 5) Thus, these are what those flights and arrivals are all about: profits and taxes, money circulation and improved economy. Works Cited Beirman, David. 2003.  Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis : A Strategic Marketing Approach /. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen Unwin. http December 2004 Highlights://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102031251. December 2005 Highlights, Latest Visitors Arrival data. Tourism Australia.http://www.tourism.australia.com/Research.asp?sub=0318al=1173. December 2006 Highlights, Latest Visitors Arrival data. Tourism Australia. http://www.tourism.australia.com/Research.asp?sub=0318al=2100. December 2007 Highlights, Latest Visitors Arrival data. Tourism Australia. http://www.tourism.australia.com/Research.asp?sub=0318al=2808. Efficient Planning of Long Distance Flights Path. 2006. Airline Fleet and Network Management, January.   http://www.aviationindustrygroup.com/index.cfm?format=1184 . February 2008 Highlights, Latest Visitors Arrival Data. 2008. Tourism Australia. ttp://www.tourism.australia.com/Research.asp?sub=0318al=2878. International Arrivals to the United States for December, Fourth Quarter, and Annual 2005. ITA, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/pdf/2005ArrivalsAnalysis_DecFourthQtr.pdf. International Arrivals to the United States for Fourth Quarter and Annual 2006. ITA, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/view/a-2006-400/index.html. Ioannides, Dimitri and Keith G. Debbage, eds. 1998.  The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry: A Supply-Side Analysis. London: Routledge. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=108239141. Hall, C. Michael, and Stephen J. Page. 2002.  The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place, and Space. London: Routledge. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=108405174. Market Insights, Tourism Facts. 2008. Torism Australia. http://www.tourism.australia.com/content/Research/Factsheets/Key_Tourism_Facts_07.pdf Qantas Flies High as Net Profits Rise. 1999.  Business Asia, August 30, 3. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001296632. US-Australia flight talks begin could lead to cheaper flights across the Pacific.  2008. BBC News, February, 8. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7240588.stm.